The Soil Effect on Subsidence in Area of Al- Karkh District A Geomorphologic Study

Abstract

Soil is considered one of the main factors of subsidence phenomena which became continually happen in Baghdad (Ghazalia, Ameria, and Hay al-Amyl) causing bad effects as shortage of drinking water, traffic jam and formation swamps. This thesis depends on soil study to a depth 15 meters, due to its importance in subsidence. This done through specifying its chemical physical properties. Soil within Iraq climate, in case of water stopping for any reason it contract and shrink away especially when it exposed to high pressure these factors finally caused subsidence. In case of leakage underground water or that of damaged water pipes this will contribute to chemical reactions which damage soil structure and increasing solidity and liquidity of higher layers and sand washing of lower areas of soil. In case of stopping this leakage and dryness in the hot area will lead to contract and shrink away the liquid soil and subsidence the upper layers. The study reached that soil is a main factor behind this phenomenon.