Maternal glycemia of first trimester of pregnancy and probability of suffering gestational diabetes. Categorization according to pregestational body mass index

Abstract

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by maternal hyperglycemia that generates short-term and long-term maternal-fetal complications, both for the mother and the child. Early detection is essential to avoid these complications, being its diagnosis simple and accessible to the general population. The pregnant woman normally has fasting blood glucose levels lower than 85 mg / dl during the first trimester, so values above this level in this period of pregnancy are one of the risk factors associated with the development of GD. Lifestyle changes are essential to prevent this disease. Alertness among OB / GYN physicians is essential to carry out generalized screening of all pregnant women in weeks 24-28 or before this date if suspicion is high. The increasing increase in overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age together with excessive weight gain throughout pregnancy are risk factors for the development of this pathology. From the first trimester, it can be observed how these risk factors generate increases in the average of fasting blood glucose values. Furthermore, in these patients a greater predisposition to maternal hypertriglyceridemia is detected during the third trimester, which favors fetal macrosomia.

Keywords

• diabetes gestacional
• embarazo
• glucemia de ayuno del primer trimestre
• macrosomía