Active Galactic Nucleus Properties of ∼1 Million Member Galaxies of Galaxy Groups and Clusters at z < 1.4 Based on the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey

Abstract

Herein, we present the statistical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for approximately 1 million member galaxies of galaxy groups and clusters with 0.1 < cluster redshift ( z _cl ) < 1.4 selected using the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, the so-called CAMIRA clusters. In this research, we focused on the AGN power fraction ( f _AGN ), which is defined as the proportion of the contribution of AGNs to the total infrared (IR) luminosity, L _IR (AGN)/ L _IR , and examined how f _AGN depends on (i) z _cl and (ii) the distance from the cluster center. We compiled multiwavelength data using the ultraviolet–mid-IR range. Moreover, we performed spectral energy distribution fits to determine f _AGN using the CIGALE code with the SKIRTOR AGN model. We found that (i) the value of f _AGN in the CAMIRA clusters is positively correlated with z _cl , with the correlation slope being steeper than that for field galaxies, and (ii) f _AGN exhibits a high value at the cluster outskirts. These results indicate that the emergence of the AGN population depends on the redshift and environment and that galaxy groups and clusters at high redshifts are important in AGN evolution. Additionally, we demonstrated that cluster–cluster mergers may enhance AGN activity at the outskirts of particularly massive galaxy clusters. Our findings are consistent with a related study on the CAMIRA clusters that was based on the AGN number fraction.

Keywords

• Galaxy clusters
• Active galactic nuclei
• Infrared galaxies
• Spectral energy distribution
• Catalogs