Incidence of Microalbuminuria and its Correlation with Ankle Brachial Index, Sugar Levels and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Special Emphasis to Predict Vascular Complications

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterised by persistence hyperglycaemia resulting from the defects in insulin secretion, action or both. Diabetes prevalence is rapidly increasing, especially in urban India. The changing lifestyle has majorly contributed to the increasing prevalence of diabetes. Aim: To determine the incidence of microalbuminuria and its correlation with age, sex, duration, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Also to detect the presence of vascular complications using Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), Augmentation Index (AI) and microalbuminuria. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India, from March to June 2018. The study included assessment of blood glucose level both FBS and PPBS, microalbumin levels in 100 known diabetic patients and also ABI, PWV and AI were measured using periscope instrument. Analytical test to measure the differences between two means of the two groups independent t-test was applied and multiple regressoon analysis was done. Results: Out of total 100 subjects, 59% were males and 41% were females. The correlation of microalbuminuria with factors like, duration of diabetes, FBS, PPBS, PWV and AI was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05 in this study. The correlation of duration of diabetes with factors like age, BMI, microalbuminuria was statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: This study confirmed that incidence of microalbuminuria increases with duration of diabetes, poorly controlled blood sugar levels. Microalbuminuria, ABI, PWV and AI are the reliable, non invasive and simple methods used for the screening of vascular complications.

Keywords

• arterial stiffness
• microalbumin
• poor glycaemic control
• screening method