Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Jul 2023)
4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update
- Malenka M. Bissell,
- Francesca Raimondi,
- Lamia Ait Ali,
- Bradley D. Allen,
- Alex J. Barker,
- Ann Bolger,
- Nicholas Burris,
- Carl-Johan Carhäll,
- Jeremy D. Collins,
- Tino Ebbers,
- Christopher J. Francois,
- Alex Frydrychowicz,
- Pankaj Garg,
- Julia Geiger,
- Hojin Ha,
- Anja Hennemuth,
- Michael D. Hope,
- Albert Hsiao,
- Kevin Johnson,
- Sebastian Kozerke,
- Liliana E. Ma,
- Michael Markl,
- Duarte Martins,
- Marci Messina,
- Thekla H. Oechtering,
- Pim van Ooij,
- Cynthia Rigsby,
- Jose Rodriguez-Palomares,
- Arno A. W. Roest,
- Alejandro Roldán-Alzate,
- Susanne Schnell,
- Julio Sotelo,
- Matthias Stuber,
- Ali B. Syed,
- Johannes Töger,
- Rob van der Geest,
- Jos Westenberg,
- Liang Zhong,
- Yumin Zhong,
- Oliver Wieben,
- Petter Dyverfeldt
Affiliations
- Malenka M. Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), LIGHT Laboratories, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds
- Francesca Raimondi
- Children’s Hospital Meyer, University of Florence
- Lamia Ait Ali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR
- Bradley D. Allen
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Alex J. Barker
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center
- Ann Bolger
- Department of Medicine, University of California
- Nicholas Burris
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan
- Carl-Johan Carhäll
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University
- Jeremy D. Collins
- Foundation CNR Tuscany Region G. Monasterio
- Tino Ebbers
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University
- Christopher J. Francois
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic
- Alex Frydrychowicz
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Universität Zu Lübeck
- Pankaj Garg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia
- Julia Geiger
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children’s Hospital
- Hojin Ha
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Kangwon National University
- Anja Hennemuth
- Institute of Computer-Assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin
- Michael D. Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California
- Albert Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, University of California
- Kevin Johnson
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin
- Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich
- Liliana E. Ma
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Michael Markl
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Duarte Martins
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental
- Marci Messina
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Medicine
- Thekla H. Oechtering
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck and Universität Zu Lübeck
- Pim van Ooij
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC
- Cynthia Rigsby
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Jose Rodriguez-Palomares
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d´Hebron,Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Arno A. W. Roest
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Willem-Alexander’s Children Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center and Center for Congenital Heart Defects Amsterdam-Leiden
- Alejandro Roldán-Alzate
- Mechanical Engineering and Radiology, University of Wisconsin
- Susanne Schnell
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Julio Sotelo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Valparaíso
- Matthias Stuber
- Département de Radiologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
- Ali B. Syed
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University
- Johannes Töger
- Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital
- Rob van der Geest
- Division of Image Processing, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Jos Westenberg
- CardioVascular Imaging Group (CVIG), Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center
- Liang Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore
- Yumin Zhong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated With Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Oliver Wieben
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin
- Petter Dyverfeldt
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-023-00942-z
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 25,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 24
Abstract
Abstract Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 ‘4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement’. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.
Keywords
- 4D Flow CMR
- 4D Flow MRI
- Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
- MR flow imaging
- Hemodynamics
- Flow visualization
