Sepsis—A Retrospective Cohort Study of Bloodstream Infections
Biagio Santella,
Veronica Folliero,
Gerarda Maria Pirofalo,
Enrica Serretiello,
Carla Zannella,
Giuseppina Moccia,
Emanuela Santoro,
Giuseppina Sanna,
Oriana Motta,
Francesco De Caro,
Pasquale Pagliano,
Mario Capunzo,
Massimiliano Galdiero,
Giovanni Boccia,
Gianluigi Franci
Affiliations
Biagio Santella
Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Veronica Folliero
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Gerarda Maria Pirofalo
Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica E Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
Enrica Serretiello
Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Carla Zannella
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Giuseppina Moccia
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Emanuela Santoro
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Giuseppina Sanna
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
Oriana Motta
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Francesco De Caro
Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica E Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
Pasquale Pagliano
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Mario Capunzo
Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica E Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
Massimiliano Galdiero
Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
Giovanni Boccia
Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica E Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
Gianluigi Franci
Dai Dipartimento Di Igiene Sanitaria e Medicina Valutativa U.O.C. Patologia Clinica E Microbiologica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona Scuola Medica Salernitana, Largo Città di Ippocrate, 84131 Salerno, Italy
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, among infectious diseases. Local knowledge of the main bacteria involved in BSIs and their associated antibiotic susceptibility patterns is essential to rationalize the empiric antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of infection and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of the main pathogens involved in BSIs. This study enrolled patients of all ages and both sexes admitted to the University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy between January 2015 to December 2019. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed with Vitek 2. A number of 3.949 positive blood cultures were included out of 24,694 total blood cultures from 2015 to 2019. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified as the main bacteria that caused BSI (17.4%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (12.3%), Escherichia coli (10.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.4%). Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to Penicillin G and Oxacillin, while Gram-negative strains to Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, and Amoxicillin-clavulanate. High susceptibility to Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Daptomycin was observed among Gram-positive strains. Fosfomycin showed the best performance to treatment Gram-negative BSIs. Our study found an increase in resistance to the latest generation of antibiotics over the years. This suggests an urgent need to improve antimicrobial management programs to optimize empirical therapy in BSI.
