Iranian Journal of Psychiatry (Dec 2018)
Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi,
- Nastaran Ahmadi,
- Ali Khaleghi,
- Koorosh Kamali,
- Seyed Ali Mostafavi,
- Mehdi Rahgozar,
- Ameneh Ahmadi,
- Zahra Hooshyari,
- Seyyed Salman Alavi,
- Parviz Molavi,
- Nasrin Sarraf,
- Seyed Kaveh Hojjat,
- Soleiman Mohammadzadeh,
- Shahrokh Amiri,
- Soroor Arman,
- Ahmad Ghanizadeh,
- Ahmad Ahmadipour,
- Rahim Ostova,
- Hedayat Nazari,
- Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini,
- Atieh Golbon,
- Firoozeh Derakhshanpour,
- Ali Delpisheh,
- Forough Riahi,
- Siavash Talepasand,
- Azizollah Mojahed,
- Naser Hajian Motlagh,
- Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi,
- Mohammad Ahmadpanah,
- Reza Dastjerdi,
- Houshang Amirian,
- Alireza Armani,
- Parvin Safavi,
- Maryam Kousha,
- Anita Alaghmand,
- Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki,
- Arezou Kiani,
- Javad Mahmoudi Gharaei,
- Alia Shakiba,
- Hadi Zarafshan,
- Maryam Salmanian,
- Eric Taylor,
- Eric Fombonne
Affiliations
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Seyed Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mehdi Rahgozar
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Parviz Molavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
- Nasrin Sarraf
- Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
- Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Soroor Arman
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Ahmad Ghanizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Psychiatry, Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Khalij-E Fars Hospital, Booshehr, Iran.
- Rahim Ostova
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
- Hedayat Nazari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran.
- Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Atieh Golbon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
- Firoozeh Derakhshanpour
- Golestan Psychiatric Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Golestan, Iran.
- Ali Delpisheh
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Faculty of Medicine, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
- Forough Riahi
- Department of Psychiatry, Golestan Educational Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Siavash Talepasand
- Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
- Azizollah Mojahed
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Naser Hajian Motlagh
- Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Mohammad Ahmadpanah
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Reza Dastjerdi
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Houshang Amirian
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Alireza Armani
- Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran.
- Parvin Safavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Maryam Kousha
- . Department of Pediatric Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Anita Alaghmand
- Department of Psychiatric, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran.
- Mahin Eslami Shahrbabaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center and Institute of Neuropharmachology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Arezou Kiani
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Javad Mahmoudi Gharaei
- . Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Eric Taylor
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
- Eric Fombonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States of America
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 15
Abstract
Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services.
