The impact of anthropogenic factors on aquatic ecosystems: The case of Kazakhstan

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of anthropogenic factors on aquatic ecosystems. Anthropogenic factors refer to those resulting from human activities. The authors examine factors that negatively affect the environment and the resulting consequences. It is highlighted that mining operations have a particularly detrimental effect, as wastewater from industrial enterprises introduces large amounts of toxic heavy metal compounds into the aquatic environment. The negative impact on aquatic ecosystems is also linked to agricultural production and inefficient irrigation systems. Additionally, thermal pollution, which occurs when excess energy is released during electricity generation, has serious environmental consequences. Water used for cooling is subsequently discharged into reservoirs, further degrading water quality. The condition of water bodies is a pressing environmental issue that requires urgent attention. The authors propose a set of measures to protect and restore aquatic ecosystems.