BMC Pulmonary Medicine (Jan 2021)

Congenital bronchial atresia complicated by a lung abscess due to Aspergillus fumigatus: a case report

  • Gaku Kuwabara,
  • Risa Sone,
  • Waki Imoto,
  • Kazushi Yamairi,
  • Wataru Shibata,
  • Kazuhiro Oshima,
  • Koichi Yamada,
  • Kazuhiro Yamada,
  • Tetsuya Watanabe,
  • Kazuhisa Asai,
  • Hiroaki Komatsu,
  • Nobuhiro Izumi,
  • Noritoshi Nishiyama,
  • Tomoya Kawaguchi,
  • Hiroshi Kakeya

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01367-5
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 21, no. 1
pp. 1 – 5

Abstract

Read online

Abstract Background Congenital bronchial atresia is a rare pulmonary abnormality characterized by the disrupted communication between the central and the peripheral bronchus and is typically asymptomatic. Although it can be symptomatic especially when infections occur in the involved areas, fungal infections are rare complications in patients with bronchial atresia. We report a case of congenital bronchial atresia complicated by a fungal infection. Case presentation A 30-year-old man with no previous history of immune dysfunction was brought to a nearby hospital and diagnosed with a left lung abscess. Although antimicrobial treatment was administered, it was ineffective, and he was transferred to our hospital. Since diagnostic imaging findings and bronchoscopy suggested congenital bronchial atresia and a fungal infection, he was treated with voriconazole and surgical resection was subsequently performed. A tissue culture detected Aspergillus fumigatus and histopathological findings were compatible with bronchial atresia. After discharge, he remained well and voriconazole was discontinued 5 months after the initiation of therapy. Conclusion Bronchial atresia is a rare disease that is seldom complicated by a fungal infection, which is also a rare complication; however, physicians should consider fungal infections in patients with bronchial atresia who present with infections resistant to antimicrobial treatment.

Keywords