Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog <i>Odorrana swinhoana</i>
Ikuo Miura,
Foyez Shams,
Si-Min Lin,
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi,
Thomas Liehr,
Ahmed Al-Rikabi,
Chiao Kuwana,
Kornsorn Srikulnath,
Yuya Higaki,
Tariq Ezaz
Affiliations
Ikuo Miura
Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Foyez Shams
Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Si-Min Lin
Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-090, SP, Brazil
Thomas Liehr
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
Ahmed Al-Rikabi
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
Chiao Kuwana
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Kornsorn Srikulnath
Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Yuya Higaki
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Tariq Ezaz
Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
Translocation between sex-chromosomes and autosomes generates multiple sex-chromosome systems. It happens unexpectedly, and therefore, the evolutionary meaning is not clear. The current study shows a multiple sex chromosome system comprising three different chromosome pairs in a Taiwanese brown frog (Odorrana swinhoana). The male-specific three translocations created a system of six sex-chromosomes, ♂X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3-♀X1X1X2X2X3X3. It is unique in that the translocations occurred among three out of the six members of potential sex-determining chromosomes, which are known to be involved in sex-chromosome turnover in frogs, and the two out of three include orthologs of the sex-determining genes in mammals, birds and fishes. This rare case suggests sex-specific, nonrandom translocations and thus provides a new viewpoint for the evolutionary meaning of the multiple sex chromosome system.
