Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical (Nov 2008)

FERTILIZATION AND PLANT ARRANGEMENT IN INTERCROPPED MAIZE AND BRACHIARIA ADUBAÇÃO E ARRANJO DE PLANTAS NO CONSÓRCIO MILHO E BRAQUIÁRIA

  • Luis Fabio Ribeiro,
  • Luise Lottici Krahl Arns,
  • Luciano Shozo Shiratsuchi,
  • José Roberto Antoniol Fontes,
  • Alvaro Vilela Resende

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5216/pat.v38i4.3424
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 38, no. 4
pp. 269 – 275

Abstract

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text-decoration:none;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"><span>The <ins datetime="2008-11-27T14:56" cite="mailto:Escola%20de%20Agronomia">optimization </ins>of maize and <em>Brachiaria</em> intercropping managment is influenced by soil fertility, <em>Brachiaria</em> plant density, and maize plant arrangement. This research evaluated those factors interactions and their influence on the productivity of maize and <em>Brachiaria</em>. The experiment was carried out during two crop cycles, in a 2x2x3+1 factorial scheme, combining two conditions of maize fertilization (grain yield expectation of 6 or > 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), medium or high plant density of <em>Brachiaria</em> (< 20 or > 30 plant m<sup>-2</sup>), three maize plant arrangements (A = 90 cm row spacing with 5 plants m<sup>-1</sup>; B = 45 cm row spacing with 2.5 plants m<sup>-1</sup>; and C = 45 cm row spacing with 3 plants m<sup>-1</sup>), and one additional treatment (heavier fertilization, without <em>Brachiaria </em><span>and </span>maize A arrangement). Water availability influenced the responses to treatments. In the rainy year, heavier fertilization promoted expressive grain yield increase, independently of the maize arrangement or the presence of <em>Brachiaria</em>. In the dry year, the maize yield increase, due to heavier fertilization, was smaller and there was a harmful effect caused by the higher <em>Brachiaria</em> density. The dry matter yield of <em>Brachiaria</em> was not directly related to the variation in plant density.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">KEY-WORDS: Crop management; crop-livestock integration; precision agriculture; row spacing; plant population.</span> <p> </p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:DoNotOptimizeForBrowser /> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:1627421319 -2147483648 8 0 66047 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 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mso-style-parent:"Texto de comentário"; mso-style-next:"Texto de comentário"; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US; font-weight:bold;} span.style18 {mso-style-name:style18;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"><span>A otimização do manejo de milho consorciado com braquiária depende da fertilidade do solo, da densidade de plantas de braquiária e do arranjo de plantas do milho. Avaliaram-se as interações desses fatores e sua influência na produtividade de grãos e da pastagem, em experimento conduzido por duas safras, num fatorial 2x2x3+1, combinando-se duas condições de adubação do milho (para produtividade de 6 ou > 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup> de grãos), densidade média ou alta de braquiária (< 20 ou > 30 plantas m<sup>-2</sup>), três arranjos de plantas de milho (A = 90 cm entre linhas, 5 plantas m<sup>-1</sup>; B = 45 cm entre linhas, 2,5 plantas m<sup>-1</sup>; e C = 45 cm entre linhas, 3 plantas m<sup>-1</sup>) e um tratamento adicional (maior adubação, sem braquiária e arranjo A do milho). A disponibilidade hídrica influenciou as respostas aos tratamentos. Em ano chuvoso, maior adubação resultou em expressivo incremento da produtividade de grãos, independentemente do arranjo de plantas de milho e da presença de braquiária. Em ano com veranico, o ganho do milho, devido à adubação, foi menor e houve efeito prejudicial da maior densidade de braquiária. A produção de matéria seca pela braquiária não apresentou relação direta com a variação na densidade de plantas.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><!--[if !supportEmptyParas]--> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify"><span>PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tratos culturais; integração lavoura-pecuária; agricultura de precisão; espaçamento; população de plantas.</span></p>

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