Transcriptional Isoforms of NAD+ kinase regulate oxidative stress resistance and melanoma metastasis
Graciela Cascio,
Kelsey N. Aguirre,
Kellsey P. Church,
Riley O. Hughes,
Leona A. Nease,
Ines Delclaux,
Hannah J. Davis,
Elena Piskounova
Affiliations
Graciela Cascio
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Kelsey N. Aguirre
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Kellsey P. Church
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Riley O. Hughes
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Leona A. Nease
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Ines Delclaux
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Hannah J. Davis
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA
Elena Piskounova
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Corresponding author. Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA.
Metastasizing cancer cells encounter a multitude of stresses throughout the metastatic cascade. Oxidative stress is known to be a major barrier for metastatic colonization, such that metastasizing cancer cells must rewire their metabolic pathways to increase their antioxidant capacity. NADPH is essential for regeneration of cellular antioxidants and several NADPH-regenerating pathways have been shown to play a role in metastasis. We have found that metastatic melanoma cells have increased levels of both NADPH and NADP+ suggesting increased de novo biosynthesis of NADP+. De novo biosynthesis of NADP+ occurs through a single enzymatic reaction catalyzed by NAD+ kinase (NADK). Here we show that different NADK isoforms are differentially expressed in metastatic melanoma cells, with Isoform 3 being specifically upregulated in metastasis. We find that Isoform 3 is more potent in expanding the NADP(H) pools, increasing oxidative stress resistance and promoting metastatic colonization compared to Isoform 1. We have found that Isoform 3 is transcriptionally upregulated by oxidative stress through the action of NRF2. Together, our work presents a previously uncharacterized role of NADK isoforms in oxidative stress resistance and metastasis and suggests that NADK Isoform 3 is a potential therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
