Topologia do risco de acidentes do trabalho em Piracicaba, SP Spatial distribution of risks for work-related injuries in a city of Southeastern e Brazil

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial do risco de acidente do trabalho controlado por variáveis nutricionais e outras co-variáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle espacial de base hospitalar, tendo como variável de interesse a localização espacial dos acidentes do trabalho. Foram amostrados 794 trabalhadores, no período de maio a outubro de 2004. Os critérios de inclusão para casos (N=263) foram: ser trabalhador acidentado do trabalho, morador de Piracicaba, com idade entre 15 e 60 anos, e atendido em centro de ortopedia e traumatologia. Os controles (N=531) tiveram o mesmo critério de idade e residência na cidade, exceto que o acidente não era do trabalho, tendo sido considerandos também trabalhadores acompanhantes dos casos. A distribuição espacial da estimativa baseou-se no ajuste do modelo aditivo generalizado, tendo as coordenadas geográficas dos casos e controles como componente espacial não linear e as demais co-variáveis como componente linear. RESULTADOS: A variação da estimativa do risco espacial de acidentes do trabalho, controlada por sexo (OR=1,87; pOBJECTIVE: To assess spatial distribution of risks for work-related injuries controlled for nutritional variables and other covariables. METHODS: Hospital-based spatial case-control study with work-related injuries spatial distribution as the main variable of interest. A total of 794 workers were selected between May and October 2004. Inclusion criteria for cases (N=263) were: worker with work-related injury; living in Piracicaba (Southeastern Brazil); age between 15 and 60 years old; and cared at an orthopedics and trauma center. Controls (N=531) met the same criteria for age and residence, but had non-work-related injuries and workers accompanying cases were included as well. Spatial distribution was estimated by adjusting a generalized additive model with geographical coordinates of cases and controls as spatial non-linear component and the remaining covariables as linear components. RESULTS: The variation of estimated spatial risks for work-related injuries controlled for gender (OR=1.87, p<0.001), schooling (OR=0.85, p<0.0001), self-employed (OR=0.36, p<0.01), and waist circumference (OR=0.98, p=0.05) showed that the mideastern area and north-to-south "strip" have higher risk for injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The use of geoprocessing tools and nutritional variables can provide input for understanding the universe of risks for work-related injuries. Further investigation exploring these factors is needed.

Keywords

• Acidentes de Trabalho
• Fatores de Risco
• Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
• Estudos de Casos e Controles
• Accidents, Occupational
• Risk Factors
• Geographic Information Systems
• Case-Control Studies