Ciência Rural (Apr 2006)
Efeito de fatores ambientais sobre escores de avaliação visual à desmama e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos, para bezerros da raça charolês Effects of environmental factors on visual scores at weaning and genetic parameters for charolais calves
Abstract
Para avaliar a influência de alguns fatores de ambiente sobre escores de avaliação visual à desmama em animais da raça Charolês e estimar parâmetros genéticos, foram utilizadas informações coletadas pelo PROMEBO durante os anos de 1994 a 2002. As características estudadas foram os escores de conformação (C), precocidade (P), musculatura (M) e tamanho (T) à desmama. Inicialmente foi realizada uma análise de variância, para verificar quais fatores apresentavam efeito significativo sobre as características em estudo. O modelo considerou como fixo, o efeito de grupo de contemporâneos (GC), constituído por fazenda, sexo, estação e ano de nascimento e, como covariáveis, a idade da vaca ao parto (IV), a idade do bezerro à desmama (ID) e a data juliana de nascimento (DJ), além do efeito residual, como aleatório. Todos os efeitos incluídos no modelo foram significativos para os escores visuais (PTo evaluate the influence of environmental factors on visual scores at weaning on Charolais breed animals, and to estimate genetic parameters, it were used records collected by PROMEBO from 1994 to 2002. The traits evaluated were the visual scores for conformation (C), precocity (P), muscling (M) and size (T) at weaning. First of all, it was performed an analyse of variance to verify wich environmental effects were significant on the studied characteristics. The model used considered, as fixed, the effect of contemporaneous group (GC), as covariables, the effects of age of the dam at parturition (IV), age at weaning (ID) and Julian date of birth (DJ) and the residual effect. All the variables included in the model affected significantly visual scores (P<0,05), except DJ, for M, P and C. From the adjusted averages for C, P, M and T it were adjusted regression equations for IV, ID and DJ. It was observed that cows freshening between 7 and 8 years produced calves with larger scores. In relation to the weaning age, it was observed that the animals weaned later presented more elevated visual scores. In relation to the Julian date of born, it was verified that calves born in June were favored in their scores, when compared with animal that born in December and January. The genetic parameters were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method, using an animal model considering as fixed the effect of GC and, as covariables, IV, ID and DJ and, as random, the additive genetic direct and maternal and the residual effects. The heritability estimated for genetic direct effect and standard errors were .37 (.09), .35 (.09), .33 (.09) and .27 (.09), respectively, for C, M, P and T. These results suggest that the evaluation for visual scores, must to considerate the studied fixed effects, and that it is possible to include these characteristics in breeding programs.
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