Vestnik Naučnogo Centra po Bezopasnosti Rabot v Ugolʹnoj Promyšlennosti (Jun 2018)
Coal industry ecology: the state, problems, ways of solution
Abstract
The coal industry data on the amounts of normatively cleaned and polluted sewage water discharged and on the structure and efficiency of the treatment facilities, on the amount of pollutants captured by technical means and discharged into the atmosphere, on the volumes of formation, treatment and disposal of waste, on the area of dislocated and reclaimed lands in 2016, as well as on the dynamics of these indicators over the previous five-year period are given. It is shown that the main problem in the field of water resources protection is the discharge of big amount of contaminated wastewater into water bodies without preliminary treatment and insufficiently purified at existing treatment facilities. The main measures to reduce the negative impact on water bodies is the systematic equipping of sewage water discharge points with modern treatment plants where they did not have such, modernizing inefficiently operating wastewater treatment plants and replacing them with new high-tech structures. In the sphere of atmospheric protection, the main problem is the large amount coal seam methane emission from degassing and ventilation systems. The solution of the problem is possible due to improvement of degassing systems, increase in the use of degassing and ventilating methane as a source of electric and thermal energy, motor fuel, raw materials for the production of marketable products. The environmental problem in the field of waste handling and land resources protection is the continuous increase of overburden volumes and enclosing rocks located in external waste dumps, seizures and dislocation of lands, including those of agricultural and forestry purposes. To solve this problem, it is necessary to continuously improve the coal mining technology and waste dumps’ formation in the direction of production wastes formation amount reduction and the mining work land capacity, technology improvement and overburden and enclosing rocks amount processing increase, dislocated lands reclamation speed and new methods application increase.
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