Cardiovascular risk prediction in chronic kidney disease patients

Abstract

Introduction: Scores underestimate the prediction of cardiovascular risk (CVR) as they are not validated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two of the most commonly used scores are the Framingham Risk Score (FRS-CVD) and the ASCVD (AHA/ACC 2013). The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive ability of experiencing a cardiovascular event (CVE) via these 2 scores in the CKD population. Material and methods: Prospective, observational study of 400 prevalent patients with CKD (stages 1–4 according the KDOQI; not on dialysis). Cardiovascular risk was calculated according to the 2 scores and the predictive capacity of cardiovascular events (atherosclerotic events:myocardial infarction, ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, peripheral vascular disease; and non-atherosclerotic events: heart failure) was analysed. Results: Forty-nine atherosclerotic cardiovascular events occurred in 40.3 ± 6.6 months of follow-up. Most of the patients were classified as high CVR by both scores (59% by the FRS-CVD and 75% by the ASCVD). All cardiovascular events occurred in the high CVR patients and both scores (FRS-CVD log-rank 12.2, P < 0.001, HR 3.1 [95% CI: 1.3–7.1] P: 0.006 and ASCVD log-rank 8.5 P < 0.001, HR 3.2 [95% CI: 1.1–9.4] P: 0.03) were independent predictors adjusted to renal function, albuminuria and previous cardiovascular events. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk scores (FRS-CVD and ASCVD [AHA/ACC 2013]) can estimate the probability of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in patients with CKD regardless of renal function, albuminuria and previous cardiovascular events.

Keywords

• Chronic kidney disease
• Cardiovascular risk
• Cardiovascular risk score
• FRS-CVD
• ASCVD