Antibacterial Mechanisms and Antivirulence Activities of Oridonin against Pathogenic <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> AS 1.1801

Abstract

Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium widely found in freshwater environments, acts as a common conditional pathogen affecting humans, livestock, and aquatic animals. In this study, the impact of oridonin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid compound derived from Rabdosia rubescens, on the virulence factors of A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 and its antibacterial mechanism was elucidated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oridonin against A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 was 100 μg/mL. Oridonin at inhibitory concentrations could significantly increase the electrical conductivity in the supernatant and escalate nucleic acid leakage (p A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 across biofilm formation, motility, hemolytic activity, lipase activity, and protease activity (p luxR, qseB and omp were significantly downregulated after oridonin treatment in A. hydrophila AS 1.1801 (p A. hydrophila AS 1.1801.

Keywords

• <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>
• oridonin
• antibacterial efficacy
• virulence factors
• minimal inhibitory concentration