Cyclic axial loads and thermal ageing of district heating pipes

Abstract

Thermal ageing at elevated temperatures is the standard method to determine the service life of pre-insulated district heating pipes nowadays. However, DH pipes are also subjected to axial movements which can affect the adhesion strength between the polyurethane foam and the service pipe. This contact surface is usually exposed to the highest temperatures.In this project, DH pipes were aged at elevated temperatures and at the same time cyclic axial loads were applied. Two DH pipes were only exposed to thermal ageing at 130 and 140 °C, while two other similar pipes were also exposed to cyclic axial loads. The adhesion strength was evaluated as the function of ageing time using the RISE plug method. Any changes in the chemical structure of the PUR samples were also observed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Comparing the results in this investigation, we found that the degradation of the mechanically loaded pipes was significantly faster than the degradation observed in non-loaded pipes at the same ageing temperatures. The FTIR study revealed that cyclic mechanical loads accelerated the chemical degradation of the PUR foam during thermal ageing.This study shows how important it is to consider all influencing factors in accelerated ageing. The methods presented here should be considered as an alternative to thermal ageing at high temperatures because the combination of mechanical and thermal loads reproduces better the real operating conditions. It is even of bigger interest when energy from different sources will be connected to the fourth generation of DH networks, which can cause more temperature fluctuations.

Keywords

• Polyurethane
• Foam
• District heating
• Mechanical stress
• Thermal ageing