Influence of comorbidity on postoperative course and mortality in patients with hip fracture

Abstract

Introduction/Objective. Epidemiological research shows that we have a dramatic increase in the number of people with hip fractures, especially those over 65 years of age. The objectives of this study are to assess the association between preoperative comorbidity and the risk of postoperative complications and mortality and postoperative worsening of comorbid conditions and their relationship to mortality within one year of hip fracture surgery. Methods. In this retrospective study, from January 2018 until January 2020, 64 patients with hip fractures were operated on at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Kosovska Mitrovica. We monitored the number of comorbidities and their significance on the preoperative risk and the course of concomitant diseases in the postoperative period and one-year mortality after surgery, in patients with hip fractures. Results. We collected data on patients from the moment of admission to discharge from the hospital accompanied by medical histories, and after discharge after follow-up examinations, six months and one year from discharge. Of the total number of subjects, 23 (35.9%) had one or two comorbidities, most often of cardiac and neurological nature, in 25 patients (39.1%) we had three concomitant diseases, and in 11 (17.2%) four and more comorbidities. The mean age of the patients was 72.51 years (69–92 years). Conclusion. Approximately 45–60% of men and women who suffer a hip fracture have three or more comorbid states. In older people with hip fractures, the presence of three or more comorbidities is the strongest preoperative risk factor.

Keywords

• hip fracture
• comorbidity
• elderly
• mortality