Direct Cation Stabilization Effects of CO Dimerization for Boosting C2 Pathways of CO2 Reduction on Noble Metal Surfaces

Abstract

The carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is one of the most promising solutions for realizing carbon neutralization via converting the emitted CO2 into value‐added chemicals. The CC coupling step for CO dimerization is the rate‐determining step for C2 pathways, which have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, the direct cation stabilization effects on CO dimerization for *OCCO formation on the representative Cu(100) and Pt(100) surfaces are investigated. Density functional theory calculations show that the presence of alkali metal ions plays a vital role in promoting the coupling of *CO monomers on both metal surfaces, where Cu shows a stronger stabilization effect. More importantly, a strong linear correlation (R2 ≈ 0.9) between the dimer stabilization energy and the reaction energy is revealed for the first time, which is a promising indicator for the selectivity of C2 pathways. Further investigations on electronic structures reveal that the promoting effect on *OCCO formation is strongly related to the negative charges of the molecules, in which the negative charge accumulation is favored by the directional electron transfer due to the chemisorption of *OCCO on Cu(100) surface. This work offers insights into the understanding of CC coupling reactions for CO2RR mechanisms.

Keywords

• alkali metal cations
• cation effect
• CO dimerization
• CO2 reduction reaction
• stabilization effects