Effect of protocol-based family visitation on physiological indicators in ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Abstract Background Intensive care unit (ICU) patients often experience significant physiological stress. This study evaluated the effect of a defined family visitation protocol on physiological responses in the ICU. Methods A randomized, block-randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 ICU patients at Imam Reza Hospital between February 8, 2017, and August 8, 2017. The intervention group received protocol-based visits, and the control group continued with standard visitation. Block randomization was utilized for group assignments. The primary outcome was the measurement of physiological signs using designated monitoring devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, employing independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measures analysis, and Friedman’s test. Results The results showed no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and arterial blood oxygen levels between the two groups. However, heart rate in the intervention group was significantly lower in three stages before, during, and after the meaningful visiting (P = 0.008). Conclusion Protocol-based scheduled family visits in the ICU may reduce physiological stress, as evidenced by a decrease in patients’ heart rate. Implementing tailored visitation protocols sensitive to patient preferences and clinical contexts is advisable, suggesting the integration of family visits into standard care practices for enhanced patient outcomes. Trial Registration IRCT20161229031654N2; 25/01/2018; Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( https://en.irct.ir ).

Keywords

• Intensive care units
• Patient visitation
• Protocol-based intervention
• Vital signs
• Physiological monitoring
• Randomized Controlled Trial