Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río (Jun 2017)
Genetic factors of bronchial asthma in pediatric-aged patients in Pinar del Río
Abstract
Introduction: bronchial asthma is a disease is known by a multifactorial etiology, where genetic, immunological and environmental factors play a preponderant role. Objective: to describe the genetic factors of bronchial asthma in pediatric-aged patients in Pinar del Río. Method: an observational case-control study was carried out in Pinar del Río province from July 2015 to June 2016. The sample consisted of 585 patients with bronchial asthma in the pediatric-aged group and 585 controls of the same population giving rise to the cases. Pearson's nonparametric chi square test was applied, and the Odd Ratio was determined. Results: first-degree relatives are 6.7 times more likely to be asthmatic if there is an asthmatic family member, 4.2 if they have a relative with rhinitis, and 9.2 if they have a relative with atopic dermatitis. In second-degree relatives, the probability of being asthmatic is higher in those with a history of bronchial asthma (6.3), 4.4 in relatives with rhinitis, and no significant differences for atopic dermatitis. In relation to third-degree relatives, the probability of a child being asthmatic is higher than in cases where there are no relatives affected for asthma and rhinitis (3. 9 and 4. 6 respectively), but not for atopic dermatitis (2. 4). Conclusion: a high contribution of genetic factors to bronchial asthma in pediatric-aged patients with first, second and third degree relatives is observed.
