Nature and Science of Sleep (Jun 2024)

Sleep Habits and Disturbances Among Tunisian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey

  • Msaad S,
  • Ketata N,
  • Kammoun N,
  • Gargouri R,
  • Khemakhem R,
  • Abid S,
  • Bader S,
  • Efidha S,
  • Abid N,
  • El Ghoul J,
  • Sahnoun I,
  • Altalaa H,
  • Jdidi J,
  • Jlidi M,
  • Keskes Boudaouara N,
  • Gargouri I,
  • Bahloul N,
  • Kammoun S

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 16
pp. 675 – 698

Abstract

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Sameh Msaad,1 Nouha Ketata,2 Nesrine Kammoun,3 Rahma Gargouri,1 Rim Khemakhem,1 Sourour Abid,1 Saeb Bader,1 Sabrine Efidha,4 Narjes Abid,5 Jamel El Ghoul,6 Imen Sahnoun,4 Hazem Altalaa,1 Jihen Jdidi,2 Mohamed Jlidi,7 Nadia Keskes Boudaouara,8 Imen Gargouri,9 Najla Bahloul,1 Samy Kammoun1 1Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 3Tunisian Occupational Health and Safety Institute, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 4Department of Pneumology, Abderrahman Mami University Hospital of Ariana, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 5Department of Pneumology, Mohamed Taher Maamouri University Hospital of Nabeul, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 6Department of Pneumology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Medenine, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; 7Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Mohamed Taher Maâmouri University Hospital of Nabeul, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis EL Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; 8Department of Pneumology, Taher Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia; 9Department of Pneumology, Farhat Hached University Hospital of Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, TunisiaCorrespondence: Sameh Msaad, Tel +216 94 977 355, Email [email protected]: Sleep quality and disturbances have gained heightened scholarly attention due to their well-established association with both mental and physical health. This study aims to assess sleep-wake habits and disturbances in Tunisian adults.Methodology: This cross-sectional study employed an online questionnaire to assess 3074 adults ≥ 18 years. Primary outcomes, including sleep quality, daytime vigilance, mood, and subjective well-being, were measured using validated questionnaires [the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and the World Health Organisation-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5)].Results: Less than two-thirds (n= 1941; 63.1%) of participants were females and the mean age was 36.25± 13.56. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 53.8% when defined as a PSQI > 5. The prevalence of insomnia, short sleep duration, long sleep duration, EDS, severe depression, and poor well-being were 14.5%, 34.7%, 12.3%, 32.4%, 7.4%, and 40.2%, respectively. Some factors were associated with an increased likelihood of poor sleep quality, including female gender, chronic hypnotics use, internet use close to bedtime, daily time spent on the internet > 3 hours, smoking, university- level education, nocturnal work, severe depression, impaired well-being status, insomnia, and EDS.Conclusion: The high prevalence of sleep-wake disturbances among Tunisian adults emphasizes the need for an appropriate screening strategy for high-risk groups. Individuals with unhealthy habits and routines were significantly more likely to experience these kinds of disturbances. Consequently, there is a pressing need for educational programs on sleep to foster healthier sleep patterns.Keywords: sleep, wake habits, sleep quality, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, prevalence, risk factors

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