Undergraduate Achievement Disparities between Demographic Subgroups in English Universities

Abstract

In this paper, we report a comprehensive analysis of the disparities in undergraduate degree achievements across different demographic groups in English universities. The focus is on the “degree achievement gap”, which refers to the variation in the rates of students from diverse backgrounds obtaining First- or Upper Second-Class degrees. The significance of this gap lies in its profound impact on graduates’ future opportunities, particularly in terms of access to advanced studies and professional trajectories. Recognising the critical nature of this issue, the Office for Students (OfS) has emphasised the need for higher education institutions to actively work towards bridging this gap to enhance equity and social mobility. To map how far the call for bridging this gap has been effective, our research examines trends and patterns by age, ethnicity, disability, and gender over a five-year period from 2017/2018 to 2021/2022. Methodologically, this paper employs a detailed descriptive analysis. Our findings highlight a persistent and significant gap for Black students, who are consistently less likely to achieve a First- or Upper Second-Class degree when compared to their White peers. Based on the analysis, literature review, and policy mapping exercise, we make recommendations for the implementation of targeted support, student engagement, revisiting curriculum designs, and the promotion of a more inclusive campus culture. The insights and proposed strategies will be of interest to educators and policymakers.

Keywords

• degree achievement gap
• degree classification
• undergraduate
• higher education