Valorization of Peanut Skin as Agricultural Waste Using Various Extraction Methods: A Review
Nicky Rahmana Putra,
Dwila Nur Rizkiyah,
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus,
Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz,
Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir,
Irianto Irianto,
Jumakir Jumakir,
Waluyo Waluyo,
Suparwoto Suparwoto,
Lailatul Qomariyah
Affiliations
Nicky Rahmana Putra
Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir
Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates
Irianto Irianto
Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates
Jumakir Jumakir
National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
Waluyo Waluyo
National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
Suparwoto Suparwoto
National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
Lailatul Qomariyah
Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin’s bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries.
