Записки з романо-германської філології (Sep 2020)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF HEINRICH HEINE’S POEM «GERMANY. A WINTER’S TALE»
Abstract
The given article deals with the study and analysis of the artistic level of the poem «Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen» by Heinrich Heine and its Russian translations by Yurii Tynyanov and Wilhelm Levick, compared to the original. The degree of equivalence, which can be achieved only if a variety of translation transformations are used and the literary norms of the language are observed, is determined. The article describes the features of translating a poetic text from German to Russian. The translators were able to reach aquametry because of the fact that the syllabic-tonic combines the versification of these languages. The faithfulness of the Russian translations on the denotative, connotative, and especially on the pragmatic level, as well as their peculiarities are discussed. The pragmatic level requires additional attention of the translator, because there are certain differences between the perception of the addresser and the addressee of a literary text. The given article deals with the means of achieving the corresponding psychological and aesthetic effect for the Russian-speaking reader, as the poem «Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen» is characterized by irony and parody. Based on comparative analysis of translations by Yu. Tynyanov and W. Levick, the frequency of Yu. Tynyanov’s use of literalisms, colloquialisms and pleonasms that violate the literary norm of the Russian language is determined. Both translators managed to recreate such stylistic devices as antitheses, polysemantic symbols and synecdoche used by H. Heine. W. Levick managed to convey the author’s pun and irony to a greater extent due to such translation transformations as the compression and the development of logical connection. The comparative analysis proved that W. Levick’s translation is more consistent with the original than Yu. Tynyanov’s one. W. Levick’s translation demonstrates a higher poetic level, as it represents the formal characteristics of the original, as well as the ironic intonation of H. Heine.
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