La gestion et conservation de ressources naturelles de propriété collective au Mexique : fragmentation bureaucratique et articulation étatique

Abstract

This article addresses the reshaping of the relationships between the Mexican state, local populations, and the different non-governmental actors, focusing on the transitions that affected environmental policies since the 1990s. The analysis takes into account the legal changes that reformed the social property (eijidal) regime in 1992. We show how the formalization of individual and collective property rights, achieved through the implementation of the Certification Program for Ejido Rights and Land Ownership (Certificación de Derechos Ejidales y Titulación de Solares, PROCEDE), favored the proliferation of ecological conservation policies that promote community participation. These processes are evaluated in the light of the experiences of the colonizing populations in the southeast of the Lacandon Jungle, in Chiapas. The article studies the positions and strategies these populations adopted in response to governmental programs, both in the environmental and the agrarian sectors. This also allows us to understand how actions for conservation and management of common property resources in Mexico are conceived, debated and pushed forward at community level.

Keywords

• environment
• State
• community
• nature