Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems and cigarette smoking—Add-on vs. displacement dual use

• Knut Kroeger,
• Vera Helen Buss,
• Lion Shahab,
• Martin Storck

Affiliations

Knut Kroeger

Department of Angiology, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany

Vera Helen Buss

Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Lion Shahab

Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Martin Storck

Department for Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe gGmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany