Coagulation disorders in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a scoping review

Abstract

Objectives: To summarize published information on coagulation disorders in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely its characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and response to anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, either prophylactic or therapeutic. Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to both Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines on Scoping Reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). A search on the MEDLINE®, SciELO®, and Web of Science® databases was performed between the 1st and 2nd May 2020. The articles selection was divided into three sequential stages: based on title, on abstract, and full article reading. At each stage, articles were assessed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria and accepted or rejected accordingly. The data were then charted, and the relevant evidence was summarized. Results: After selection, 106 records were obtained. Of those, 36 corresponded to letters, 28 to original studies, 25 to reviews, and 14 to case reports; one metanalysis, one commentary, and one consensus paper were also included. Results have shown an association between COVID-19 and thrombotic complications, although different kinds of events and frequency rates were found. The triad inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulopathy seem to underly pathophysiological changes. Laboratory and imaging techniques may be useful for an adequate intervention. Prophylaxis with parenteral anticoagulants, preferably Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), in an intermediate dose between the commonly used ones for prophylaxis or treatment is indicated to hospitalized patients, especially those having a severe illness. It should be kept during a variable period after discharge, in an individualized patient-based approach. Therapeutical anticoagulation seems not to differ significantly from other disease settings. Conclusions: Various uncertainties persist at coagulation disorders’ approach in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The existing information has its origin mainly in the hospital setting and less robust sources. Thus, well-designed, randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to sustain clinical decisions at all stages.

Keywords

• SARS virus
• Blood coagulation disorders
• Anticoagulants
• Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• Review