Fracture Risk With Patella Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Bone-Patella-Bone Autograft: A Biomechanical Analysis

Abstract

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common injuries. Ipsilateral bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) autograft has been frequently used for ACL reconstructions. A large percentage of patients who sustain ACL ruptures develop early osteoarthritis and require total knee arthroplasty (TKA). When patients with previous BPTB autograft for an ACL tear undergo TKA, there may be an increased risk of fracture after patellar resurfacing. Methods: There were 20 artificial Sawbones and 10 cadaveric patellae resurfaced. To simulate the presence of a previous BPTB autograft, a bone plug was removed from the anterior surface of the patellae and was resurfaced with a cemented patellar button. Biomechanical testing was performed to determine the compressive load to fracture of patellae with and without previous BPTB autograft. Results: The average maximum load to failure for the artificial Sawbones patellae without a previous BPTB autograft was 4551.40 N ± 753.12 compared with 2855.39 N ± 531.46 with a previous BPTB autograft (P < .001). The average maximum load to failure for the cadaveric patellae without a previous BPTB autograft was 7256.37 N ± 1473.97 compared with 5232.22 N ± 475.04 with a previous BPTB autograft (P = .021). Conclusions: The results demonstrate a significantly lower maximum load to failure of a resurfaced patella in the presence of a previous BPTB autograft. This can be used to aid in the decision of whether to resurface the patellae in these patients and to educate patients that the presence of a previous BPTB autograft may be an increased risk factor for patella fracture after TKA.

Keywords

• Patella
• Resurfacing
• Biomechanical
• TKA
• ACLR
• BPTB