The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
Search for Astrophysical Electron Antineutrinos in Super-Kamiokande with 0.01% Gadolinium-loaded Water
- M. Harada,
- K. Abe,
- C. Bronner,
- Y. Hayato,
- K. Hiraide,
- K. Hosokawa,
- K. Ieki,
- M. Ikeda,
- J. Kameda,
- Y. Kanemura,
- R. Kaneshima,
- Y. Kashiwagi,
- Y. Kataoka,
- S. Miki,
- S. Mine,
- M. Miura,
- S. Moriyama,
- Y. Nakano,
- M. Nakahata,
- S. Nakayama,
- Y. Noguchi,
- K. Okamoto,
- K. Sato,
- H. Sekiya,
- H. Shiba,
- K. Shimizu,
- M. Shiozawa,
- Y. Sonoda,
- Y. Suzuki,
- A. Takeda,
- Y. Takemoto,
- A. Takenaka,
- H. Tanaka,
- S. Watanabe,
- T. Yano,
- S. Han,
- T. Kajita,
- K. Okumura,
- T. Tashiro,
- T. Tomiya,
- X. Wang,
- S. Yoshida,
- G. D. Megias,
- P. Fernandez,
- L. Labarga,
- N. Ospina,
- B. Zaldivar,
- B. W. Pointon,
- E. Kearns,
- J. L. Raaf,
- L. Wan,
- T. Wester,
- J. Bian,
- N. J. Griskevich,
- S. Locke,
- M. B. Smy,
- H. W. Sobel,
- V. Takhistov,
- A. Yankelevich,
- J. Hill,
- S. H. Lee,
- D. H. Moon,
- R. G. Park,
- B. Bodur,
- K. Scholberg,
- C. W. Walter,
- A. Beauchêne,
- O. Drapier,
- A. Giampaolo,
- Th. A. Mueller,
- A. D. Santos,
- P. Paganini,
- B. Quilain,
- T. Ishizuka,
- T. Nakamura,
- J. S. Jang,
- J. G. Learned,
- K. Choi,
- N. Iovine,
- S. Cao,
- L. H. V. Anthony,
- D. Martin,
- M. Scott,
- A. A. Sztuc,
- Y. Uchida,
- V. Berardi,
- M. G. Catanesi,
- E. Radicioni,
- N. F. Calabria,
- A. Langella,
- L. N. Machado,
- G. De Rosa,
- G. Collazuol,
- F. Iacob,
- M. Lamoureux,
- M. Mattiazzi,
- L. Ludovici,
- M. Gonin,
- G. Pronost,
- C. Fujisawa,
- Y. Maekawa,
- Y. Nishimura,
- R. Okazaki,
- R. Akutsu,
- M. Friend,
- T. Hasegawa,
- T. Ishida,
- T. Kobayashi,
- M. Jakkapu,
- T. Matsubara,
- T. Nakadaira,
- K. Nakamura,
- Y. Oyama,
- K. Sakashita,
- T. Sekiguchi,
- T. Tsukamoto,
- N. Bhuiyan,
- G. T. Burton,
- F. Di Lodovico,
- J. Gao,
- A. Goldsack,
- T. Katori,
- J. Migenda,
- Z. Xie,
- S. Zsoldos,
- Y. Kotsar,
- H. Ozaki,
- A. T. Suzuki,
- Y. Takagi,
- Y. Takeuchi,
- J. Feng,
- L. Feng,
- J. R. Hu,
- Z. Hu,
- T. Kikawa,
- M. Mori,
- T. Nakaya,
- R. A. Wendell,
- K. Yasutome,
- S. J. Jenkins,
- N. McCauley,
- P. Mehta,
- A. Tarrant,
- Y. Fukuda,
- Y. Itow,
- H. Menjo,
- K. Ninomiya,
- J. Lagoda,
- S. M. Lakshmi,
- M. Mandal,
- P. Mijakowski,
- Y. S. Prabhu,
- J. Zalipska,
- M. Jia,
- J. Jiang,
- C. K. Jung,
- M. J. Wilking,
- C. Yanagisawa,
- Y. Hino,
- H. Ishino,
- H. Kitagawa,
- Y. Koshio,
- F. Nakanishi,
- S. Sakai,
- T. Tada,
- T. Tano,
- G. Barr,
- D. Barrow,
- L. Cook,
- S. Samani,
- D. Wark,
- A. Holin,
- F. Nova,
- B. S. Yang,
- J. Y. Yang,
- J. Yoo,
- J. E. P. Fannon,
- L. Kneale,
- M. Malek,
- J. M. McElwee,
- M. D. Thiesse,
- L. F. Thompson,
- S. T. Wilson,
- H. Okazawa,
- S. B. Kim,
- E. Kwon,
- J. W. Seo,
- I. Yu,
- A. K. Ichikawa,
- K. D. Nakamura,
- S. Tairafune,
- K. Nishijima,
- K. Nakagiri,
- Y. Nakajima,
- S. Shima,
- N. Taniuchi,
- E. Watanabe,
- M. Yokoyama,
- P. de Perio,
- K. Martens,
- K. M. Tsui,
- M. R. Vagins,
- J. Xia,
- M. Kuze,
- S. Izumiyama,
- R. Matsumoto,
- M. Ishitsuka,
- H. Ito,
- T. Kinoshita,
- R. Matsumoto,
- Y. Ommura,
- N. Shigeta,
- M. Shinoki,
- T. Suganuma,
- K. Yamauchi,
- J. F. Martin,
- H. A. Tanaka,
- T. Towstego,
- R. Gaur,
- V. Gousy-Leblanc,
- M. Hartz,
- A. Konaka,
- X. Li,
- N. W. Prouse,
- S. Chen,
- B. D. Xu,
- B. Zhang,
- M. Posiadala-Zezula,
- S. B. Boyd,
- R. Edwards,
- D. Hadley,
- M. Nicholson,
- M. O’Flaherty,
- B. Richards,
- A. Ali,
- B. Jamieson,
- Ll. Marti,
- A. Minamino,
- G. Pintaudi,
- S. Sano,
- S. Suzuki,
- K. Wada,
- The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
Affiliations
- M. Harada
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- K. Abe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- C. Bronner
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Hayato
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Hiraide
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Hosokawa
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Ieki
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. Ikeda
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- J. Kameda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Kanemura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- R. Kaneshima
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Kashiwagi
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Kataoka
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Miki
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- S. Mine
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- M. Miura
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Moriyama
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Nakano
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- M. Nakahata
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Nakayama
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Noguchi
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Okamoto
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Sato
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- H. Sekiya
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- H. Shiba
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- K. Shimizu
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- M. Shiozawa
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Sonoda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- Y. Suzuki
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- A. Takeda
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Y. Takemoto
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- A. Takenaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- H. Tanaka
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- S. Watanabe
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- T. Yano
- ORCiD
- Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kamioka, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- S. Han
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Kajita
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan; ILANCE, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- K. Okumura
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Tashiro
- ORCiD
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- T. Tomiya
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- X. Wang
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- S. Yoshida
- Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- G. D. Megias
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- P. Fernandez
- ORCiD
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- L. Labarga
- ORCiD
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- N. Ospina
- ORCiD
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- B. Zaldivar
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University Autonoma Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- B. W. Pointon
- Department of Physics, British Columbia Institute of Technology , Burnaby, BC, V5G 3H2, Canada; TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- E. Kearns
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- J. L. Raaf
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- L. Wan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- T. Wester
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Boston University , Boston, MA 02215, USA
- J. Bian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- N. J. Griskevich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- S. Locke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- M. B. Smy
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- H. W. Sobel
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- V. Takhistov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- A. Yankelevich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- J. Hill
- Department of Physics, California State University , Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
- S. H. Lee
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- D. H. Moon
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- R. G. Park
- Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- B. Bodur
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708, USA
- K. Scholberg
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708, USA
- C. W. Walter
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, NC 27708, USA
- A. Beauchêne
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- O. Drapier
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- A. Giampaolo
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- Th. A. Mueller
- ORCiD
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- A. D. Santos
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- P. Paganini
- ORCiD
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- B. Quilain
- Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- T. Ishizuka
- Junior College, Fukuoka Institute of Technology , Fukuoka, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
- T. Nakamura
- Department of Physics, Gifu University , Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- J. S. Jang
- GIST College, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- J. G. Learned
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- K. Choi
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- N. Iovine
- ORCiD
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- S. Cao
- Institute For Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Education , ICISE, Quy Nhon 55121, Vietnam
- L. H. V. Anthony
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK
- D. Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK
- M. Scott
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK
- A. A. Sztuc
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Y. Uchida
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK
- V. Berardi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- M. G. Catanesi
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- E. Radicioni
- Dipartimento Interuniversitario di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Bari and Università e Politecnico di Bari , I-70125, Bari, Italy
- N. F. Calabria
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- A. Langella
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- L. N. Machado
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- G. De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Napoli and Università di Napoli , I-80126, Napoli, Italy
- G. Collazuol
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- F. Iacob
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- M. Lamoureux
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- M. Mattiazzi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, INFN Sezione di Padova and Università di Padova , I-35131, Padova, Italy
- L. Ludovici
- INFN Sezione di Roma and Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185, Roma, Italy
- M. Gonin
- ILANCE, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- G. Pronost
- ORCiD
- ILANCE, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- C. Fujisawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Y. Maekawa
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- Y. Nishimura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- R. Okazaki
- Department of Physics, Keio University , Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
- R. Akutsu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- M. Friend
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Hasegawa
- ORCiD
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Ishida
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Kobayashi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- M. Jakkapu
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Matsubara
- ORCiD
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Nakadaira
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- K. Nakamura
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Y. Oyama
- ORCiD
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Sekiguchi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- T. Tsukamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- N. Bhuiyan
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- G. T. Burton
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- F. Di Lodovico
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- J. Gao
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- A. Goldsack
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- T. Katori
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- J. Migenda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Z. Xie
- Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- S. Zsoldos
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, King’s College London , London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Y. Kotsar
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- H. Ozaki
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- A. T. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Y. Takagi
- Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- Y. Takeuchi
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- J. Feng
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- L. Feng
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- J. R. Hu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Z. Hu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- T. Kikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- M. Mori
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- T. Nakaya
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- R. A. Wendell
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- K. Yasutome
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- S. J. Jenkins
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
- N. McCauley
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
- P. Mehta
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
- A. Tarrant
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZE, UK
- Y. Fukuda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Miyagi University of Education , Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
- Y. Itow
- ORCiD
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- H. Menjo
- ORCiD
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- K. Ninomiya
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- J. Lagoda
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- S. M. Lakshmi
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- M. Mandal
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- P. Mijakowski
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Y. S. Prabhu
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- J. Zalipska
- National Centre For Nuclear Research , 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- M. Jia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- J. Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- C. K. Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- M. J. Wilking
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- C. Yanagisawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook , NY 11794-3800, USA
- Y. Hino
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- H. Ishino
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- H. Kitagawa
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Y. Koshio
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- F. Nakanishi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- S. Sakai
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- T. Tada
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- T. Tano
- Department of Physics, Okayama University , Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- G. Barr
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- D. Barrow
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- L. Cook
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- S. Samani
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
- D. Wark
- Department of Physics, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PU, UK; STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford , and Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington OX11 0QX, UK
- A. Holin
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- F. Nova
- ORCiD
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
- B. S. Yang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- J. Y. Yang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- J. Yoo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- J. E. P. Fannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- L. Kneale
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- M. Malek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- J. M. McElwee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- M. D. Thiesse
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- L. F. Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- S. T. Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- H. Okazawa
- Department of Informatics in Social Welfare, Shizuoka University of Welfare , Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8611, Japan
- S. B. Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- E. Kwon
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- J. W. Seo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- I. Yu
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
- A. K. Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- K. D. Nakamura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- S. Tairafune
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University , Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- K. Nishijima
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokai University , Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- K. Nakagiri
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Y. Nakajima
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- S. Shima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- N. Taniuchi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- E. Watanabe
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- M. Yokoyama
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- P. de Perio
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. Martens
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- K. M. Tsui
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. R. Vagins
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
- J. Xia
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study , University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- M. Kuze
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- S. Izumiyama
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- R. Matsumoto
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- M. Ishitsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- H. Ito
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- T. Kinoshita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- R. Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Y. Ommura
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- N. Shigeta
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- M. Shinoki
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- T. Suganuma
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- K. Yamauchi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- J. F. Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
- H. A. Tanaka
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
- T. Towstego
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto , ON, M5S 1A7, Canada
- R. Gaur
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- V. Gousy-Leblanc
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- M. Hartz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- A. Konaka
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- X. Li
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada
- N. W. Prouse
- ORCiD
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- S. Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- B. D. Xu
- ORCiD
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- B. Zhang
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- M. Posiadala-Zezula
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw 02-093, Poland
- S. B. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- R. Edwards
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- D. Hadley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- M. Nicholson
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- M. O’Flaherty
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- B. Richards
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- A. Ali
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T2A3, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg , MB R3J 3L8, Canada
- B. Jamieson
- Department of Physics, University of Winnipeg , MB R3J 3L8, Canada
- Ll. Marti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- A. Minamino
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- G. Pintaudi
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- S. Sano
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- S. Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- K. Wada
- Department of Physics, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
- The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acdc9e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 951,
no. 2
p. L27
Abstract
We report the first search result for the flux of astrophysical electron antineutrinos for energies ${ \mathcal O }(10)\,\mathrm{MeV}$ in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. In 2020 June, gadolinium was introduced to the ultrapure water of the SK detector in order to detect neutrons more efficiently. In this new experimental phase, SK-Gd, we can search for electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay with efficient background rejection thanks to the high efficiency of the neutron tagging technique. In this paper, we report the result for the initial stage of SK-Gd, during 2020 August 26, and 2022 June 1 with a 22.5 × 552 kton · day exposure at 0.01% Gd mass concentration. No significant excess over the expected background in the observed events is found for the neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. Thus, the flux upper limits are placed at the 90% confidence level. The limits and sensitivities are already comparable with the previous SK result with pure water (22.5 × 2970 kton · day) owing to the enhanced neutron tagging. Operation with Gd increased to 0.03% started in 2022 June.
Keywords
