Carbonized hemp hurd powder for eco-friendly polybenzoxazine composite brake material: Excellent friction property and high mechanical performance

Abstract

Non-asbestos and non-copper polybenzoxazine friction composites were developed with varying mass ratios of synthetic graphite (SG)/carbonized hemp hurd (CHH). Mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of the polybenzoxazine friction composites were studied. The wear simulation of the polybenzoxazine friction composites has been performed with commercial ANSYS finite element analysis software. The strength and modulus under flexure mode, glass transition temperature of the polybenzoxazine friction composite samples were observed to be improved with increasing CHH content. It appears that the incorporation of the CHH into the polybenzoxazine friction composites not only enhanced the coefficient of friction (COF) but also improved the overall wear resistance of the units. The wear resistance and wear pattern obtained by the wear simulation also showed a good correlation with the experimental results. Based on the findings in this study, it is evident that the carbonized hemp hurd possesses a great potential to be used in green brake pad application.

Keywords

• Biocomposites
• Biochar
• Friction materials
• Industrial applications
• Circular economy