Effect of Tempering Process on Microstructure and Properties of Resistance Spot-Welded Joints of <i>δ</i>-TRIP Steel

Abstract

In this paper, a medium-frequency inverter spot welder was used for resistance spot-welding experiments on 980 MPa grade cold-rolled δ-TRIP(Transformation-induced Plasticity) steel. The effects of the tempering process on the morphology, microstructure, element distribution, and properties of spot-welded joints were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Electron-Probe MicroAnalysis (EPMA). The microstructure of the nugget zone obtained by single-pulse process was δ ferrite, lath martensite, and twin martensite. After adding tempering under the single-pulse process, the microstructure was δ ferrite and lath martensite. However, the morphology of the microstructure was still dendritic, which remained unchanged. The tensile shear failure of spot-welded joints under the two processes was an interface failure, and the fractures were cleavage fractures. After adding tempering, the interface fracture surface presents two kinds of fracture characteristics: the outer cracks’ growth direction was consistent with the columnar crystal growth direction, and the inner crystal cracks occurred in the nugget core and finally grew along the columnar grain boundary. Due to the significant hardness difference between δ ferrite (283 HV) and martensite (533 HV), the low-strength δ ferrite phase was the main channel of crack propagation. After adding tempering, the hardness distribution of the spot-welded joints was more uniform and the tensile shear force increased (7.4 kN→8.5 kN).

Keywords

• <i>δ</i>-TRIP steel
• resistance spot-welding
• microstructure
• properties