Materials (Nov 2023)

Characterization of an Ancient Bimetallic Alloy from Moche Civilization (Peru)

  • Marta Porcaro,
  • Roberto Cesareo,
  • Angel Bustamante,
  • Antonio Brunetti

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16227211
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 22
p. 7211

Abstract

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The Moche civilization in Peru developed marvelous metallurgy, primarily using alloys of gold, copper and silver, with the most famous of them called Tumbaga, which resembles pure gold after a depletion process on its surface. However, they also created objects with more standard single-layer alloys or gilding. To distinguish between these techniques in a non-destructive manner is essential. Here, we analyzed a thigh protector, composed of two parts, one seemingly in silver and the other seemingly in gold. The sample was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence measurements integrated with Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the silver part is formed of a silver-based alloy covered in a corrosion layer, while the gold part is made of Tumbaga. Moreover, for the first time, the gold profiles of different Tumbaga gold objects, from the same burial, were compared, allowing us to obtain information about the standardization of their manufacture.

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