Promising Roles of Alternative Medicine and Plant-Based Nanotechnology as Remedies for Urinary Tract Infections
Harish Chandra,
Chanchal Singh,
Pragati Kumari,
Saurabh Yadav,
Abhay P. Mishra,
Aleksey Laishevtcev,
Ciprian Brisc,
Mihaela Cristina Brisc,
Mihai Alexandru Munteanu,
Simona Bungau
Affiliations
Harish Chandra
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Chanchal Singh
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh 312901, India
Pragati Kumari
S-02, Scientist Hostel, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
Saurabh Yadav
Department of Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India
Abhay P. Mishra
Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh 247341, India
Aleksey Laishevtcev
Federal Research Center, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine Named after K. I. Skryabin and Y. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109428 Moscow, Russia
Ciprian Brisc
Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
Mihaela Cristina Brisc
Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
Simona Bungau
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections worldwide, having an incidence rate of 40−60% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder in adult women is 30 times more than in men. UTIs are usually found in many hospitals and clinical practice; as disorders, they are complicated and uncomplicated; in uncomplicated cases, there is no structural or functional abnormality in the urogenital tract. However, obstruction, retention of urine flow and use of catheters increase the complexity. There are several bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, etc.) successfully residing in the tract. The diagnosis must not only be accurate but rapid, so early detection is an important step in the control of UTIs caused by uropathogens. The treatment of UTIs includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy to control the infection and kill the causal microbes inside the body. A long-time usage of antibiotics has resulted in multidrug resistance causing an impediment in treatment. Thus, alternative, combinatorial medication approaches have given some hope. Available treatments considered Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based drugs. There are new upcoming roles of nanoparticles in combating UTIs which needs further validation. The role of medicinal plant-based nanotechnology approaches has shown promising results. Therefore, there must be active research in phyto-based therapies of UTIs, such as Ayurvedic Biology.
