Chemometric Discrimination of <i>Cichorium glandulosum</i> Boiss. et Huet and <i>Cichorium intybus</i> L. via Their Metabolic Profiling, Antioxidative, and Hypoglycemic Activities
Maoru Li,
Guoyong Xie,
Yadong Ding,
Ji Ma,
Qiuyan Liu,
Yuqin Wang,
Zan Peng,
Jianbo Sun,
Jing Shang
Affiliations
Maoru Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Guoyong Xie
Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Yadong Ding
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Ji Ma
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Qiuyan Liu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Yuqin Wang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Zan Peng
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Jianbo Sun
Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Jing Shang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translation Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CG) and Cichorium intybus L. (CI) are widely used as the main raw material of functional food with hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects. Due to the lack of comparison on the chemical ingredients and efficacy, they were often used imprecisely and interchangeably. It is necessary to distinguish between them. With the plant metabolomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and multivariate chemometric techniques, the chemical ingredients were characterized and 59 compounds between CG and CI were classified. As for antioxidative and hypoglycemic activities in vitro, CI extraction exhibited better antioxidant activity than CG, while CG extraction showed stronger hypoglycemic activity. Furthermore, a bivariate correlation between the chemical composition and efficacy of the extract was also analyzed, and three differentially strong correlation components between CI and CG were prepared, and the antioxidative and hypoglycemic efficacies were compared in vivo and different active phenotypes were obtained. Finally, we revealed chemical and biological differences between CG and CI, providing a basis for achieving better quality control and developing more effective functional foods.
