Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Consumption in a Secondary Care Hospital in Mexico
Elda Carolina Dávila-López,
María Guadalupe Berumen-Lechuga,
Carlos José Molina-Pérez,
Rodolfo Norberto Jimenez-Juarez,
Alfredo Leaños-Miranda,
Natali Robles-Ordoñez,
María Isabel Peña-Cano,
German Alberto Venegas-Esquivel
Affiliations
Elda Carolina Dávila-López
Internal Medicine Departament, Hospital General Regional 251, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 52148, Mexico
María Guadalupe Berumen-Lechuga
Medical Research Coordination, Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Regional Mexico Poniente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Toluca 50000, Mexico
Carlos José Molina-Pérez
Clinical Coordination, Hospital General de Zona 252, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlacomulco 50454, Mexico
Rodolfo Norberto Jimenez-Juarez
Infectious Diseases Departament, Federico Gómez Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Alfredo Leaños-Miranda
Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia 4 “Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City 01090, Mexico
Natali Robles-Ordoñez
Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital para el Niño, Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de Mexico, Toluca 50170, Mexico
María Isabel Peña-Cano
Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia 221, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Toluca 50150, Mexico
German Alberto Venegas-Esquivel
Pediatric Department, Hospital General Regional 251, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Metepec 52148, Mexico
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem, due to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The misuse of antimicrobials is the main cause of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to report antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in a secondary care hospital in Mexico. Methods: Within a cross-sectional study, antimicrobial resistance data on ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) and antibiotic consumption from 2020 to 2022 were collected. Antimicrobial resistance was reported based on percentages of resistance and consumption was analyzed using the defined daily dose (DDD)/100 bed days and the AWaRe (Access, Surveillance, Reservation) antibiotic group. Results: Antibiotic consumption in 2020, 2021 and 2022 was 330, 175 and 175 DDD/100 beds day, respectively. The rate of ceftriaxone resistance in E. coli (n = 526) and K. pneumoniae (n = 80) was 76% and 69%, respectively, the rate of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii (n = 168) and P. aeruginosa (n = 108) was 92% and 52%, respectively; the rate of oxacillin resistance in S. aureus (n = 208) was 27%; and the rate of vancomycin resistance in E. faecium (n = 68) was 47%. Conclusion: The reported results are congruent with global estimates of antibiotic resistance and consumption, providing an overview that could generate actions for antimicrobial optimization at the local and regional levels.
