Investigating the Function of One-Way Windcatcher in the Natural Ventilation of Rural Housing in Yazd Province; Case Study: Bondorabad Village, Ashkazar City

Abstract

Objective: The importance of utilizing technologies compatible with the natural environment and renewable energy sources in line with the studied climate is increasingly recognized. This research focuses on the study of wind behavior and the function of windcatchers as a passive system for creating natural ventilation in hot and dry zones, addressing the thermal comfort requirements of residents. Ventilators, once a significant climatic architectural element in new constructions—particularly in rural areas—have lost their prominence, as inhabitants of hot and dry regions have shifted to conventional cooling systems such as water and gas coolers. One such area is Yazd province, where traditional housing reflects its cultural identity. This article aims to investigate the impact of one-way windcatchers on providing thermal comfort in rural housing through natural ventilation in Yazd province. Method: This article employs a qualitative research method in a descriptive-analytical approach, beginning with field observations of common patterns in rural housing within Bondorabad village. The study investigates the methods of utilizing wind for natural ventilation in this region. The dependent variable is thermal comfort, while the independent variable is wind speed. Subsequently, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis software is used to explore the relationship between these variables, examining different configurations of the windcatcher: the current height, an increased height of two meters, and a decreased base height of two meters. Results: The findings indicate that the performance of the windcatcher is optimal when situated four meters above the roof, with wind entering perpendicularly to its opening. However, simulations reveal that under certain conditions, wind flow speed can create irregular currents in the space during summer. Furthermore, as the height of the windcatcher decreases, wind speed diminishes in the summer area, leading to suboptimal performance. Conclusions: It is recommended that the performance of existing buildings be considered in future constructions, particularly regarding the placement of openings and the internal design of the windcatcher.

Keywords

• climate organ
• windcatcher
• natural ventilation
• rural housing.