Electrical breakdown in liquid-phase processing on an enhancement of 7-hydroxymitragynine conversion from mitragynine in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom)
Weerasak Samee,
Khanit Matra,
Nattawut Lakkham,
Beelawan Dongkaew,
Passakorn Sumkhum,
Wutthichok Sangwang,
Wasin Nupangtha,
Jiraporn Promping
Affiliations
Weerasak Samee
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
Khanit Matra
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand; Corresponding author.
Nattawut Lakkham
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
Beelawan Dongkaew
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
Passakorn Sumkhum
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand
Wutthichok Sangwang
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
Wasin Nupangtha
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhonnayok, 26120, Thailand; Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand; Faculty of Science and Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Nan Campus, Nan 55000, Thailand
Jiraporn Promping
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkharak, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand
This study investigates the impact of the Electrical Breakdown in Liquid-phase (EBL) process on alkaloid transformation in Mitragyna speciose (Kratom) leaves, focusing on the conversion of mitragynine (MG) to 7-hydroxy mitragynine (7-OH-MG) by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). A novel reactor has been developed to enhance plasma exposure to Kratom leaf powdered solutions during the EBL process. Two distinct electrical voltage characteristics, half-positive and negative half-waves, have been utilized for the EBL, with an output voltage of 4.57 kVpeak at a no-load condition and a frequency of 50 Hz. The experimental findings demonstrate a time-dependent enhancement in the transformation process. The highest yield of 7-OH-MG, reaching 2,485 ± 134 μg/g of dried Kratom leaves weight, has been attained with the EBL processing generated by positive half-wave voltage after 20 min of EBL exposure. Notably, the EBL processing generated by positive half-wave voltage has outperformed the one generated by negative half-wave voltage by a significant factor of 2.01.
