BMJ Open (Jul 2022)
Estimation of tuberculosis incidence at subnational level using three methods to monitor progress towards ending TB in India, 2015–2020
- ,
- Swati Mahajan,
- Amar Shah,
- Sarit Sharma,
- Rituparna Das,
- Kathiresan Jeyashree,
- Mathavaswami Vijayageetha,
- Bhavesh Modi,
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath,
- Vijay Singh,
- Shamim Mannan,
- Sairu Philip,
- Jasleen Kaur,
- Ranjani Ramachandran,
- Raghuram Rao,
- Sriram Selvaraju,
- Bency Joseph,
- Vaibhav Shah,
- Kiran Rade,
- Lalit Sankhe,
- Surinder Singh,
- Sandeep Chauhan,
- Anupam Banerjee,
- Devender Kumar,
- Ganapathy Kalaiselvan,
- Bhavin Vadera,
- Paras Mehta,
- Meenakumari Natarajan,
- Manoj Murhekar,
- Aswathy Sreedevi,
- Jeromie Thangaraj,
- Saravanakumar Velusamy,
- Sasidharan Akhil,
- Dhanapal Sudha Rani,
- Ramasamy Sabarinathan,
- Sakthivel Manikandanesan,
- Rajalakshmi Elumalai,
- Amarendra Mahapatra,
- Almas Shamim,
- Ashok Bhardwaj,
- Anil Purty,
- Anand Sridhar,
- Aniket Chowdhury,
- Asif Shafie,
- Avijit Choudhury,
- Deka Dhrubjyoti,
- Hardik Solanki,
- Krushna Sirmanwar,
- Kshitij Khaparde,
- Malik Parmar,
- Nisha Dahiya,
- Parija Debdutta,
- Quazi Ahmed,
- Ranjeet Prasad,
- Rohini Shinde,
- Rupali Baruah,
- Sandip Bharaswadkar,
- Shanta Achanta,
- Shibu Balakrishnan,
- Shivani Chandra,
- Sophia Khumukcham,
- Sudarsan Mandal,
- Sumitha Chalil,
- Venkatesh Roddawar,
- Kuldeep Sachdeva,
- Jayakrishna Kurada,
- Mayank Sharma,
- Debajyoti Mohapatra,
- Yogesh Patel,
- Sapna Thekkepat,
- Karthikeyan Kumaraswamy,
- Mallika Tharakan,
- Shramana Majumdar,
- Vrinda Manocha,
- Sukriti Chauhan,
- Shekhar Waikar,
- Puja Ambule,
- Krithika Murali,
- Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty,
- Tulika Goswami,
- Darshan Mahyavanshi,
- Krutarth Bhrahmbhatt,
- Bhautik Modi,
- Anmol Gupta,
- Sunil Raina,
- Rajiv Kumar Gupta,
- Ratnesh Sinha,
- Manju Toppo,
- Gajen Medhi,
- Swati M Patki,
- Bishnu Ram Das,
- Lisa Sarangi,
- Afsal Hakim,
- Suresh Balan,
- Baer Philip Ravikumar,
- Subrata Baidya,
- Abhik Sinha,
- Boddepalli Nagendra Naidu,
- Bikash Chandra Nayak,
- Anoop Dev,
- Pallavi Boro,
- Debarshi Paul,
- Amrita Sarkar,
- Bhavesh Bariya,
- Jatin Chhaya,
- Dixit Chauhan,
- Mithun Sanghavi,
- Nilesh Thakor,
- Rohit Ram,
- Hinal Baria,
- Abhilash Sood,
- Anupam Parashar,
- Yangchen Dolma,
- Rakesh Bahl,
- Dilip Kumar,
- Mohammad Salim Khan,
- A K Jayasree,
- Zinia Nujum,
- Sheela P Haveri,
- Dinesh Bhatnagar,
- Subrata Kumar Palo,
- Priyesh Marskole,
- Prashant Verma,
- Dinesh Kumar Pal,
- Neelam Toppo,
- Sanjay R Quraishi,
- Sunil Panigrahi,
- Rambadan Chauhan,
- Jayashree Gothankar,
- Swapnali S Kadam,
- Dasi Rao,
- Sudhir Wanje,
- Pallavi Uplap,
- Ningombam Joenna Devi,
- Rikrak Ch Marak,
- Markordor Lyngdoh,
- Manoj B Patki,
- Satyajit Sundar Ray,
- Kavita Vasudevan,
- Mahesh Satija,
- Mahesh Choudhary,
- Mitin Parmar,
- Venkatesh Govindasamy,
- Karlapudi Nitesh Kumar,
- Goutham Thumari,
- Amar Tripura,
- Chanda Mog,
- Shampa Das,
- Ritesh Singh,
- Chandra Shekar Maity,
- Mamta Gehlawat
Affiliations
- Swati Mahajan
- 2 Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Amar Shah
- John Howard Centre, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Sarit Sharma
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
- Rituparna Das
- Aff1 grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale University New Haven CT USA
- Kathiresan Jeyashree
- Department of Community Medicine, Velammal Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
- Mathavaswami Vijayageetha
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
- Bhavesh Modi
- 5 Community Medicine Department, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, India
- Vijay Singh
- 1University of Michigan Injury Prevention Center
- Shamim Mannan
- 3 Clinton Health Access Initiative, Chennai/Delhi/NYC, India/USA
- Sairu Philip
- 2 Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
- Jasleen Kaur
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Ranjani Ramachandran
- 12 India Country Office, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India
- Raghuram Rao
- 8 Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi, India
- Sriram Selvaraju
- 14 Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
- Bency Joseph
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vaibhav Shah
- 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Kiran Rade
- World Health Organisation Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
- Lalit Sankhe
- Surinder Singh
- senior lecturer in general practice
- Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- Anupam Banerjee
- preregistration house officer
- Devender Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Ganapathy Kalaiselvan
- 2 Medical Education Unit, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
- Bhavin Vadera
- USAID India, New Delhi, India
- Paras Mehta
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Meenakumari Natarajan
- Health Technology Assessment Resource Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
- Manoj Murhekar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Aswathy Sreedevi
- Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, India
- Jeromie Thangaraj
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Saravanakumar Velusamy
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sasidharan Akhil
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Dhanapal Sudha Rani
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ramasamy Sabarinathan
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sakthivel Manikandanesan
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Rajalakshmi Elumalai
- ICMR- National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Amarendra Mahapatra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
- Almas Shamim
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Ashok Bhardwaj
- MM Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Anil Purty
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
- Anand Sridhar
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Aniket Chowdhury
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Asif Shafie
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Avijit Choudhury
- World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
- Deka Dhrubjyoti
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Hardik Solanki
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Krushna Sirmanwar
- PATH India, New Delhi, India
- Kshitij Khaparde
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Malik Parmar
- World Health Organization, Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
- Nisha Dahiya
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Parija Debdutta
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Quazi Ahmed
- CDC, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Ranjeet Prasad
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Rohini Shinde
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Rupali Baruah
- Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Sandip Bharaswadkar
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Shanta Achanta
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Shibu Balakrishnan
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Shivani Chandra
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Sophia Khumukcham
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Sudarsan Mandal
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Sumitha Chalil
- WHO-NTEP Technical Assistance Project, New Delhi, India
- Venkatesh Roddawar
- PATH India, New Delhi, India
- Kuldeep Sachdeva
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Jayakrishna Kurada
- Mayank Sharma
- Debajyoti Mohapatra
- Yogesh Patel
- Sapna Thekkepat
- Karthikeyan Kumaraswamy
- Mallika Tharakan
- Shramana Majumdar
- Vrinda Manocha
- Sukriti Chauhan
- Shekhar Waikar
- Puja Ambule
- Krithika Murali
- Devi Madhavi Bhimarasetty
- Tulika Goswami
- Darshan Mahyavanshi
- Krutarth Bhrahmbhatt
- Bhautik Modi
- Anmol Gupta
- Sunil Raina
- Rajiv Kumar Gupta
- Ratnesh Sinha
- Manju Toppo
- Gajen Medhi
- Swati M Patki
- Bishnu Ram Das
- Lisa Sarangi
- Afsal Hakim
- Suresh Balan
- Baer Philip Ravikumar
- Subrata Baidya
- Abhik Sinha
- Boddepalli Nagendra Naidu
- Bikash Chandra Nayak
- Anoop Dev
- Pallavi Boro
- Debarshi Paul
- Amrita Sarkar
- Bhavesh Bariya
- Jatin Chhaya
- Dixit Chauhan
- Mithun Sanghavi
- Nilesh Thakor
- Rohit Ram
- Hinal Baria
- Abhilash Sood
- Anupam Parashar
- Yangchen Dolma
- Rakesh Bahl
- Dilip Kumar
- Mohammad Salim Khan
- A K Jayasree
- Zinia Nujum
- Sheela P Haveri
- Dinesh Bhatnagar
- Subrata Kumar Palo
- Priyesh Marskole
- Prashant Verma
- Dinesh Kumar Pal
- Neelam Toppo
- Sanjay R Quraishi
- Sunil Panigrahi
- Rambadan Chauhan
- Jayashree Gothankar
- Swapnali S Kadam
- Dasi Rao
- Sudhir Wanje
- Pallavi Uplap
- Ningombam Joenna Devi
- Rikrak Ch Marak
- Markordor Lyngdoh
- Manoj B Patki
- Satyajit Sundar Ray
- Kavita Vasudevan
- Mahesh Satija
- Mahesh Choudhary
- Mitin Parmar
- Venkatesh Govindasamy
- Karlapudi Nitesh Kumar
- Goutham Thumari
- Amar Tripura
- Chanda Mog
- Shampa Das
- Ritesh Singh
- Chandra Shekar Maity
- Mamta Gehlawat
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060197
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 12,
no. 7
Abstract
Objectives We verified subnational (state/union territory (UT)/district) claims of achievements in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in 2020 compared with 2015, in India.Design A community-based survey, analysis of programme data and anti-TB drug sales and utilisation data.Setting National TB Elimination Program and private TB treatment settings in 73 districts that had filed a claim to the Central TB Division of India for progress towards TB-free status.Participants Each district was divided into survey units (SU) and one village/ward was randomly selected from each SU. All household members in the selected village were interviewed. Sputum from participants with a history of anti-TB therapy (ATT), those currently experiencing chest symptoms or on ATT were tested using Xpert/Rif/TrueNat. The survey continued until 30 Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases were identified in a district.Outcome measures We calculated a direct estimate of TB incidence based on incident cases identified in the survey. We calculated an under-reporting factor by matching these cases within the TB notification system. The TB notification adjusted for this factor was the estimate by the indirect method. We also calculated TB incidence from drug sale data in the private sector and drug utilisation data in the public sector. We compared the three estimates of TB incidence in 2020 with TB incidence in 2015.Results The estimated direct incidence ranged from 19 (Purba Medinipur, West Bengal) to 1457 (Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya) per 100 000 population. Indirect estimates of incidence ranged between 19 (Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and 788 (Dumka, Jharkhand) per 100 000 population. The incidence using drug sale data ranged from 19 per 100 000 population in Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli to 651 per 100 000 population in Centenary, Maharashtra.Conclusion TB incidence in 1 state, 2 UTs and 35 districts had declined by at least 20% since 2015. Two districts in India were declared TB free in 2020.