Jornal de Pediatria (Feb 2005)
Avaliação dos fatores associados ao estado nutricional na idade corrigida de termo em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso Evaluation of the nutritional status at 40 weeks corrected gestational age in a cohort of very low birth weight infants
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a adequação do peso ao termo em uma coorte de recém-nascidos com peso de nascimento menor que 1.500 g e correlacioná-la a variáveis clínicas e nutricionais. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal onde recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso de oito hospitais (divididos em duas categorias: tipo I - aporte nutricional agressivo; tipo II - outras práticas) foram acompanhados prospectivamente de novembro de 1999 a abril de 2000. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo escore z, sendo considerado como desnutrição o escore z menor ou igual a -2, segundo a curva do Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System. Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. RESULTADOS: 63% da população estudada (126/200) foi classificada como desnutrida ao termo. O peso ao termo apresentou correlação negativa com o tempo de internação, com a idade gestacional ao nascimento, com o tempo para a recuperação do peso de nascimento e com o clinical risk index for babies (p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status at term of a cohort of newborn babies with birth weights of less than 1,500 g and to correlate this with nutritional practices and clinical variables. METHODS: Very low birth weight infants admitted to eight neonatal intensive care units from November 1999 to April 2000 were studied prospectively. The units were defined as Type I if they employed aggressive nutritional support techniques and Type II if other nutritional practices were used. Babies' were defined as malnourished if their z-score for weight was less than or equal to -2 on the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System growth curves. Data was analyzed using multivariate linear regression and logistic regression. The study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent (126/200) of the study population were classed as being malnourished at term. Weight at term (corrected gestational age) showed a direct correlation with birth weight, but an indirect correlation with the length of stay, gestational age at birth, time to regain birth weight and CRIB score (p < 0.05). Small for gestational age infants had a 12.19 times greater chance of being malnourished at term. Being born at a Type I unit reduced the risk of malnutrition at term by 2.17 times, male sex reduced this risk by 0.4 times and achieving total enteral nutrition by the 10th day of life reduced it by 1.97 times (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The most effective means of preventing babies being born malnourished is by encouraging perinatal practices aimed at preventing restricted intrauterine growth, in addition to giving priority to aggressive nutritional management.
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