Ga@MXene-based flexible wearable biosensor for glucose monitoring in sweat
Wensi Zhang,
Shuyue Jiang,
Hongquan Yu,
Shilun Feng,
Kaihuan Zhang
Affiliations
Wensi Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Shuyue Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Hongquan Yu
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Shilun Feng
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding author
Kaihuan Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding author
Summary: Most wearable biosensors struggle to balance flexibility and conductivity in their sensing interfaces. In this study, we propose a wearable sensor featuring a highly stretchable, three-dimensional conductive network structure based on liquid metal. The sensor interface utilizes a patterned Ga@MXene hydrogel system, where gallium (Ga) grafted onto MXene provides enhanced electrical conductivity and malleability. MXene provides excellent conductivity and a three-dimensional layered structure. Additionally, the chitosan (CS) hydrogel, with its superior water absorption and stretchability, allows the electrode to retain sweat and closely stick to the skin. The sensor demonstrates a low limit of detection (0.77 μM), high sensitivity (1.122 μA⋅μM⁻1⋅cm⁻2), and a broad detection range (10–1,000 μM), meeting the requirements for a wide range of applications. Notably, the sensor can also induce perspiration in the wearer. The three-dimensional porous structure of the Ga@MXene/CS biosensor ensures excellent conductivity and flexibility, making it suitable for a variety of applications.
