Determination of optimum probiotic dosage for the culture of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei in an indoor system
Edward Terhemen Akange,
Benjamin Orfega Kwaghvihi,
Olumide A. Odeyemi,
Hajar Rastegari,
Muhamad Shukri Shafie,
Ahmad Ideris Abdul Rahim,
Amyra Suryatie Kamaruzzan,
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah,
Nor Azman Kasan
Affiliations
Edward Terhemen Akange
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, PMB 2373 Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria
Benjamin Orfega Kwaghvihi
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, PMB 2373 Makurdi, Benue state, Nigeria
Olumide A. Odeyemi
Research Integrity and Ethics, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
Hajar Rastegari
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Muhamad Shukri Shafie
Serandu Aquaponic System Sdn. Bhd., Lot 545 Jalan Serandu / Air Leleh, Mukim Kuala Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
Ahmad Ideris Abdul Rahim
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Amyra Suryatie Kamaruzzan
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Nor Azman Kasan
Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Determining the optimum application dosage of probiotic in biofloc system is often challenging because the microbial community seems to exert similar effects irrespective of their dosages. It is however noted that certain dosages promote higher yield in shrimp culture more effectively. Principal component analysis was adopted to identify these optimum dosages where 1-way ANOVA could not clearly identify due to the effects of microbial community. The effect of varying application dosages of probiotics in a shrimp culture system on growth indices and water quality variables were studied in a culture trial of Litopenaeus vannamei that lasted for 84 days in an indoor biofloc culture system. Only 4 (26.66 %) of variables showed significant difference in the 1-way ANOVA conducted. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to illustrate the dimensional interactions among variables. Contributions of observation points at 7 ml.l-1 (Obs1–3), 14 ml.l-1 (Obs 4–6), and 21 ml.l-1 (Obs 7–9) were analyzed. The Obs 4–6 (representing 14 ml.l-1) had the highest mean contributory effect (11.03) indicating the greatest impact recorded in the PCA relationships among growth indices and water quality variables. It was concluded that probiotic dosages can be determined in biofloc system based on the contributory effect it enhances in the measured variables. • Microbial community in biofloc affects the clear distinctions of the dosages due to proliferations • 1-way ANOVA alone may not show dosage-related variations. • PCA could identify the optimum probiotic dosage that would enhance shrimp growth performance and maintain favourable water quality conditions in biofloc aquaculture systems.
