Scientific Reports (Jun 2017)

Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in food adulteration determination: the example of Sudan dye I in paprika powder

  • Yaxi Hu,
  • Shuo Wang,
  • Shenlin Wang,
  • Xiaonan Lu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02921-8
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 7, no. 1
pp. 1 – 9

Abstract

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Abstract Carcinogenic Sudan I has been added illegally into spices for an apparent freshness. 1H solution and solid-state (SS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were applied and compared for determination of Sudan I in paprika powders (PPs). For solution NMR, PPs spiked with Sudan I were extracted with acetonitrile, centrifuged, rotor-evaporated, and re-dissolved in DMSO-d6 for spectral collection. For SSNMR, Sudan I contaminated PPs were mixed with DMSO-d6 solution and used for spectral collection. Linear regression models constructed for quantitative analyses resulted in the average accuracies for unknown samples as 98% and 105%, respectively. Limits of detection for the solution NMR and SSNMR spectrometers were 6.7 and 128.6 mg kg−1, while the limits of quantification were 22.5 and 313.7 mg kg−1. The overall analysis time required by both methods was similar (35 and 32 min). Both NMR techniques are feasible for rapid and accurate determination of Sudan I adulteration in PPs.