Polyphenolic content, phytochemical profile composition, and bioactive properties of Castilla Rose (Purshia plicata)

Abstract

One of the greatest risks to human and animal health are infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, as these microorganisms develop mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials, as a consequence of the indiscriminate and prolonged use of antimicrobials. This makes the treatment of infectious diseases increasingly difficult, in addition to an increase in treatment costs. These disadvantages have led to the search for alternative therapies based on bioactive compounds such as tannins, and flavonoids. Thus, some plant-derived compounds have been used to counteract infectious diseases and other health disorders. This study aimed to identify polyphenols of purified extract from Purshia plicata, and evaluate the antioxidant potential and the response of in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogen microorganisms of clinical importance for humans and animals. An aqueous extraction was performed and the compounds were purified using liquid chromatography. The total polyphenolic content was measured employing the Folin Ciocalteu and butanol-HCI methods. The polyphenolic profile was identified by HPLC/ESI/MS. These compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method and antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP methods. The compounds showed effectiveness against Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella sp, and moderate inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The total hydrolyzable polyphenols content was 45.7 mg g-1; the total condensed polyphenols content was 27 mg g-1. The results of the antioxidant activity showed that IC50 was reached at 150 µgml-1, 250 µgml-1, and 150 µgml-1. Twelve compounds were identified by HPCL/ESI/MS, the most important being anthocyanins and ellagitannins. The polyphenolic compounds of P. plicata have the potential to be used as pharmacological products with antibacterial and antioxidant properties for the treatment of infectious diseases in animals and humans.