Properties of novel biodegradable film from gelatin capsule waste as influenced by various solvents and washing cycles
Pudthaya Kumnerdsiri,
Sasina Sanprasert,
Anusorn Seubsai,
Jaksuma Pongsetkul,
Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit,
Saroat Rawdkuen,
Samart Sai-ut,
Suphat Phongthai,
Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit,
Ekasit Onsaard,
Ali Muhammed Moula Ali,
Thomas Karbowiak,
Wanli Zhang,
Passakorn Kingwascharapong
Affiliations
Pudthaya Kumnerdsiri
Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Sasina Sanprasert
Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Anusorn Seubsai
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Jaksuma Pongsetkul
School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Nathdanai Harnkarnsujarit
Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Saroat Rawdkuen
Unit of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
Samart Sai-ut
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi. 20131, Thailand
Suphat Phongthai
Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Ekasit Onsaard
Indigenous Food Research and Industrial Development Center, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Thomas Karbowiak
Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro, UMR PAM A02.102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, Dijon 21000, France
Wanli Zhang
College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
Passakorn Kingwascharapong
Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Corresponding author.
Biodegradable films, featuring eco-friendly attributes, offer a promising solution to environmental pollution and ecological challenges, serving as a viable alternative to synthetic polymer packaging films. This study investigates the washing process with various solvents (ethanol and water) and washing cycles (1 and 3 times) on the properties of gelatin capsule waste films (GCWF). The washing process could improve properties such as tensile strength, thermal properties, transparency value, and solubility by eliminating oil droplets from the raw materials. The GCWF washed by ethanol (GCWF Alc) exhibited higher tensile strength (TS), thermal properties, and transparency value compared with GCWF washed by water (GCWF W). Increasing the number of washing cycles could also enhance the efficiency of eliminating oil droplets from the raw materials. The complete degradation of GCWF in soil was observed on day 15 after burial. FTIR spectroscopy revealed differences in bands and patterns between control film (GCWF) and washed films (GCWF Alc and GCWF W). These findings highlight the potential of the washing process in enhancing film properties, and the utilization of gelatin capsule waste as biodegradable films could be further developed for food packaging applications, contributing to environmentally friendly technologies
