Perfil lipídico e estado nutricional de adolescentes Blood lipid levels and nutritional status of adolescents

Abstract

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre obesidade e dislipidemias em adolescentes do ensino público e privado de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 180 adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos matriculados no ensino público e privado de Campina Grande-PB. O estado nutricional foi classificado segundo os percentis do Índice de Massa Corporal para sexo e idade. Foi realizada coleta sangüínea para avaliação do perfil lipídico (colesterol total, frações HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos). Considerou-se dislipidemia a existência de alteração em pelo menos um dos exames. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas a partir do Epi Info 3.3 e Stata 7.0. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 14,4% enquanto que 83,9% dos estudantes eram eutróficos e 1,7% apresentavam baixo peso. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para o estado nutricional quando estratificado por sexo e tipo de escola. Todas as taxas bioquímicas investigadas mostraram algum nível de alteração. Chamou à atenção a prevalência de dislipidemia, observada em 66,7% dos estudantes, e a alteração do HDL-colesterol, verificada em 56,7% destes. Registrou-se associação estatisticamente significante (pOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between obesity and dyslipidemia in adolescents from public and private schools in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 180 adolescents, aged between 14 and 17 years, enrolled in the public and private school system of Campina Grande-PB. The nutritional status was classified according to the percentiles of Body Mass Index for gender and age. A blood sample was taken to evaluate the lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels). Dyslipidemia was considered when at least one of the blood parameters exceeded reference limits. Statistical analysis was performed with Epi Info 3.3 and Stata 7.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 14.4%, while 83.9% of students were normal and 1.7% presented low weight. The nutritional status, when stratified by gender and type of school, did not show statistically significant differences. Dyslipidemia was present in 66.7% of students and inadequate levels of HDL-cholesterol in 56.7% of them. The tertiles of Body Mass Index were associated with total cholesterol and the LDL-cholesterol fraction, even when stratified by gender and type of school. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the age range of the sample, the results for overweight and dyslipidemias are of concern. There is a need to implement more effective policies oriented towards these adolescents to prevent children and adolescents becoming obese adults with other chronic diseases.

Keywords

• Adolescente
• Estado nutricional
• Sobrepeso
• Dislipidemia
• Hiperlipidemia
• Adolescent
• Nutritional status
• Overweight
• Dyslipidemia
• Hyperlipidemia