Evaluation of the Composition of the Cholesterol, Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Fatty Acids Profile of the Liver Tissue of Male Water Buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) Managed in Different Ecosystems of the Eastern Amazon
Laurena Silva Rodrigues,
Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva,
José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior,
André Guimarães Maciel e Silva,
Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues,
Welligton Conceição da Silva,
Thiago Carvalho da Silva,
Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro,
Cristina Mateus Alfaia,
André Martinho de Almeida,
José António Mestre Prates
Affiliations
Laurena Silva Rodrigues
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil
Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva
Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil
José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil
André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil
Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues
Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil
Welligton Conceição da Silva
Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil
Thiago Carvalho da Silva
Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil
Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro
Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil
Cristina Mateus Alfaia
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
André Martinho de Almeida
LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
José António Mestre Prates
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
The diet offered to animals has a great influence on the composition of tissues and, consequently, the quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Amazonian ecosystems, in the dry and rainy periods of the year, on the composition of cholesterol, tocopherols, β-carotene and the fatty acid profile of the livers of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) reared in the Eastern Amazon, in an extensive or intensive system. Total lipid content was influenced by the location and time of year (p p p p < 0.05). The atherogenic index (AI) had a higher value in the rainy season, in animals raised in Santarém (2.37%), with no difference between pasture and feedlot ecosystems, except in animals raised in the rainy season in Nova Timboteua, with a lower AI (1.53%). The thrombogenicity index (TI) was higher in the livers of confined animals (0.32%) and lower (0.18%) in those raised in Nova Timboteua (rainy season). Amazonian ecosystems influence the nutritional values of buffalo liver, with the best nutritional values in animals in the extensive system.
