A New Cost Function Combining Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and l2,1-Norm with Extraction of Robust Facial and Superpixels Features in Age Estimation

Abstract

Automatic age estimation from unconstrained facial images is a challenging task and it recently has gained much attention due to its wide range of applications. In this paper, we propose a new model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and l2,1-norm to select age-related features for the age estimation task. A new cost function is proposed. To learn and train the new model, we provide the analysis and the proof for the convergence of the new cost function to solve minimization problem of deep neural networks (DNNs) and the l2,1-norm. High-level features are extracted from the facial images by using transfer learning, since there are currently not enough large age databases that can be used to train a deep learning network. Then, the extracted features are fed to the proposed model to select the most efficient age-related features. In addition, a new system that is based on DNN to jointly fine-tune two different DNNs with two different feature sets is developed. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and achieved the state-of-art performance on a public database.

Keywords

• age estimation
• face images
• DNNs
• facial and superpixel features
• l2,1-norm