Challenges and complications in the diagnosis and treatment of ar-teriovenous fistula following renal allograft biopsy

Abstract

A renal allograft biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic method for evaluating the extent of acute and chronic renal transplant dysfunction, offering vital diagnostic and prognostic in-sights. A recognized post-procedural complication is the formation of an arteriovenous fis-tula (AVF).

Keywords

• arteriovenous fistula, endovascular procedure, kidney transplantation